459
ORIGINAL4645580086438298138155200240271
ARTICLE49295800863877112129164193229
Reassessing3489680086356595120145175201226239271304
the3807680086215485
SIBO-Hypertension3905680086324684125148190221254285305330360392417430463496
Link4415680086264072102
in45316800861244
Symptomatic45896800863160112145167200252282304318344
Patients4947680086346487100130163186212
|520758008616
E152575800863559
/3577727009227
Vnitř36437270092397995119142
Lék.380172700923572104120
2026;72(2):E1-E6393872700923774109146159194231249286305317353387407444481
/4458727009227
VNITŘNÍ454172700923991109147189240258
LÉKAŘSTVÍ481772700923472111161201239278323341
www.casopisvnitrnilekarstvi.cz794727009256114172183217253281323365382410446488504528550592608624662694731753782807844861875909942
https://doi.org/10.36290/vnl.2026.027415077008631547911313815117018743367700863469844421770086134566981174539770086246276106143175211250270304339354370402441472508523561592620
Reassessing794123002361172173214104996006897778349431053
the19131230023672183284
SIBO-Hypertension2263123002369915827640949563073984995010301110121013201409146515731682
Link7941460023690146255364
in12231460023652161
Symptomatic14501460023699207366477554661821925100110581144
Patients266014600236115216293350451561637727
Pavol7941790011755103152205231
Fülöp1,10441790011750102128183239127718000683013061790011724
Lívia1349179001174974124150200
Szczygieľová2,1568179001175094137182233287313363391445494543211018000683021431790011724
Štefan2186179001175184134167217272
Tóth3,24771790011751100134190266618000683026971790011724
Tibor2740179001175278134189225
Porubän4,29841790011755108144198255305360334518000683033761790011724
Mariana34191790011780130166192242297347
Dvorožňáková1,37851790011765116169205259303359409460513561611439018000683044191790011724
Natália44621790011765116150200226252302
Vaňová5478317900117601071622162653145097180006830
12nd794193006628819192001144886619300663062
Department9481920011463110164209239273351398450480
of1448192001145178
Cardiology,15461920011455100130183204256278329382427441
Faculty2007192001144688129181202233279
of2306192001145279
Medicine,24051920011476123177198240261312360378
Pavol2803192001145094137188210
Jozef3033192001143586125172200
Šafárik3253192001144691118164194216259
University35321920011461113134179225255293314345391
in3943192001142274
Košice,40371920011451101137159200246264
East794205001144692128160
Slovak974205001144668119163208252
Institute1246205001142274110142163194245276322
of1588205001145279
Cardiovascular1687205001145499130182203255299344380423474495540570
Diseases,2277205001146385121168213250297333353
Inc,2650205001142274116136
Slovak2805205001144768120164209253
Republic3078205001145097151203256278299341
2Faculty794218006628822218001144687129180202232279
of1121218001145279
Medicine,12202180011475123176198239261312359377
Pavol1617218001145094138188210
Jozef1847218001143587126173200
Šafárik2067218001144792119165195217260
University23472180011461112134179224255293314344391
in2758218001142273
Košice,28512180011451102138159201247265
Košice,31362180011451101138159200246264
Slovak794231001144668120164209252
Republic1066231001145198151203256278300341
3Department7942440066288222430011463110164209239273351398450480
of1322243001145178
Gerontology14202430011461109140191243273323345397450494
and1934243001144697150
Geriatrics,21042430011461109139161206236266288330368387
Faculty2511243001144687129180202233279
of2810243001145279
Medicine,29092430011475123176198239261312359378
Pavol3307243001145094137187210
Jozef3536243001143587126173200
Šafárik3756243001144792119165195217260
University,40362430011461112134179225255293314345391406
University7942560011461112134179224255293314344391
Hospital12052560011461113150202224255301322
of1547256001145279
St.164625600114467595
Michael,1761256001147698139191236283305324
Košice,21052560011451101137158200246264
Slovakia2389256001144668120163209252275320
41st794270006628820269001144886227000662241
Department9232690011463110164209239273351398450480
of1423269001145178
Cardiology,15212690011455100130183204256278329382427441
Faculty1982269001144688129181202233279
of2281269001145279
Medicine,23802690011476123177198240261312360378
Pavol2778269001145094137188210
Jozef3008269001143586125172200
Šafárik3228269001144691118164194216259
University35072690011461113134179225255293314345391
in3918269001142274
Košice,40122690011451101137159200246264
East794282001144692128160
Slovak974282001144668119163208252
Institute1246282001142274110142163194245276322
of1588282001145279
Cardiovascular1687282001145499130182203255299344380423474495540570
Diseases,2277282001146385121168213250297333353
Inc,2650282001142274116136
Košice,28052820011451102138159201247265
Slovak3090282001144668119163209252
Republic3362282001145198151203256278300341
5Department7942950066288222950011463110164209239273351398450480
of1322295001145178
Internal1420295001142375105151181233278300
Medicine,17402950011475123176198239261312359378
Faculty2138295001144587128180201232278
of2436295001145279
Medicine,25352950011476123177198240261313360378
Pavol2933295001145094137188210
Jozef3163295001143586125172200
Šafárik3383295001144691118164194216260
University36622950011461113134179225255293314345392
in4073295001142274
Košice,41672950011451101138159200246264
AGEL44512950011458116162206
Košice-Šaca46772950011451101137158200246277320366408453
Hospital,7943080011461113150203224255301322341
0401155308001144898147
151322308001144890
Košice,14323080011451101137158200246264
Slovak1716308001144768120164209252
Republic1988308001145198151203256279300341
Background:794351001054994134178227258308357407458479
Recent1293351001034690130173221250
evidence1563351001034384105155199247286329
suggests1912351001033481130179223258287323
small22553510010334105147168189
intestinal246435100103206896140174204225273315335
bacterial2819351001034991131162205234255297317
overgrowth3156351001034788131160209237285348380428
(SIBO)360435100103246585133193216
may38403510010371113153
serve4013351001033478107151194
as4227351001034176
a43233510010341
diagnostic4384351001034869110159207255290319340379
marker47833510010371113142183226255
for5058351001032573102
hypertension794363001034787137182211243286334368389437485
through1303363001032876104152200249297
gut-cardiovascular1624363001034795124149190233262311331379420463497536584605647676
axis2323363001034183104138
mechanisms.24843630010372116156204246294314349421455474
However,29813630010356105168211252295324339
this334336300103297797131
relationship349836300103287193135163184232280314363383432
has3954363001034789124
not4101363001034795124
been4249363001034893137186
evaluated4458363001034385127148195237266309359
in4840363001032068
symptomatic4932363001033376148198794375001032875148190218239278
gastrointestinal1092375001034890124154183230251299328371405435456504546567
patients.1678375001034992120141185233262297316
We20143750010373114
aimed2148375001034162134178228
to2396375001032875
assess2491375001034176110154189223
the2734375001032876120
association2874375001034175110158198218260289309357406
between3300375001034893122188231276324
SIBO3644375001034263110170
and3834375001034189138
arterial3992375001034170102145174195237257
hypertension4269375001034888138182211243286334369389437485
in4774375001032068
patients4862375001034991120141184233261297
undergoing794387001034795145189218266314335383432
clinical124638700103385979127148187229250
evaluation1516387001034385127148196237266287335383
for1919387001032573102
gastrointestinal2041387001034890124154182230251299327370405435455504545566
symptoms.2627387001033476149198228275347381400
Methods:7943990010571116148198247298335356
Retrospective1174399001034690120148196230279324364395415458501
cross-sectional1700399001033867114148183210245289329360380428477519539
analysis2264399001034290132153194229249284
of2573399001034772
3312670399001034487127
consecutive2822399001033885134168212252299329349391434
symptomatic3281399001033476149199228275347389418438478
patients3784399001034891119140184232261296
(2634106399001032467110154
controls,4285399001033885133162190238259294313
684623399001034389
with4737399001036384113161
hypertension)4923399001034888138182211794411001032871120154175222271293
who11084110010363112160
underwent1289411001034795144188217284327375404
hydrogen1714411001034787135164212261305353
breath2088411001034978122164192240
testing.2349411001032972106136157205254272
SIBO2642411001034263110170
was28334110010363105140
diagnosed2994411001034869110159207255290334384
using3399411001034781102150198
North36184110010357105134166214
American38534110010352124168197218257300348
Consensus4222411001034996145179223271306353387
criteria463041100103396788118161190211252
(H4903411001032580108
rise503241100103274983127
≥20794423001035195138
ppm953423001034898171
within1144423001036384113161182230
901394423001034490
minutes).1504423001037292140188217260295317334
Hypertension1858423001035697147192221253296344378399447495
was23744230010362105139
established2533423001034378108150200221242276324368418
from2971423001032555102175
medical31664230010371116165186225268289
records3475423001032871111158187236271
and3766423001034189139
medication39254230010371115165186225268296317365413
use.4359423001034781125143
Stratified452342300103427098141169190216239283333
analysis4876423001034189131152194228249283
and794435001034189139
Mantel-Haenszel9524350010369112160188231253281339382425474508546590611
methods15834350010372116145193241291325
assessed1928435001034276110154189223267317
confounding2265435001033885134159207255303353373421470
and2755435001034189139
effect291443500103426998141181212
modification31464350010372120170190216239279321350370418467
by3633435001034889
age3742435001034190133
and3895435001034290139
sex.4054435001033478119139
Results:794447001054993130179202233270290
SIBO1101447001034262109169
prevalence1287447001034978121162204225269317356399
was17034470010362104139
similar1858447001033455126147167209237
between2112447001034993122188231275323
groups2452447001034877124172221255
(50.2%2724447001032467110128175243
controls2984447001033884133161190237258292
vs3293447001034176
45.6%3385447001034487104149217
hypertension,3619447001034787137181210241284332366387434483501
p=0.497).41374470010349102149167212255297322339
Among44924470010353124172220269
SIBO-positive477844700103426210916919924929833235279445900103284991134
patients,945459001034991120141185233262297316
19.0%1278459001034484100145214
had1509459001034890139
hypertension1665459001034888138182211243286334369389437485
compared2168459001033885157207249278321371
to2557459001032875
22.0%2649459001034489108152222
of2888459001034773
SIBO-negative2978459001034263110170200249293343385413434476519
patients3514459001034992120141185233262297
(OR=0.83,3829459001032482129181229247293337355
95%4201459001034488154
CI:437345900103497088
0.49-1.42).4479459001034462106150179219234278320343360
Notably,48564590010356105134176226247289303
a7944710010341
sex-specific851471001033477118143178226270310330355378417
pattern1284471001034990119149192220268
was15694710010362104138
observed,1723471001034796130173202246288337356
though2095471001032876123171219266
interaction237847100103206795138166208247277297345393
testing2787471001032871105134154202250
did3053471001034868117
not3186471001034895123
reach3326471001032871112151198
statistical3540471001033463105134154188217237276318338
significance3895471001033353101149169195218256298346384427
(p=0.221):4338471001032473126173190237280320339356
women47104710010363109181224272
with4999471001036283112159
SIBO794483001034263110170
showed984483001033482130193236286
lower1290483001032068131175204
odds1514483001034796146180
of1714483001034773
hypertension1807483001034787137182211242285334368388436485
(OR=0.47,2312483001032482129182229247292333343
95%2675483001034488154
CI:284948300103507089
0.22-1.01,2958483001034462109153178218232277318333
p=0.053)33114830010348102149168212256299321
while36524830010363112132153197
men38694830010371115164
showed4053483001033482130193236286
higher4359483001034768117165209238
odds4617483001034796146180
(OR=1.63,4817483001032482130182221236281324342
95%794495001034488155
CI:97449500103507189
0.75-3.54,1089495001034462106148177220238285330348
p=0.22).14634950010349102150168215259282299
This1788495001034292112147
sex1961495001033378119
difference210649500103486995124168197240289328371
persisted2503495001034993122158178213242286336
despite2864495001034993127177198227270
women31604950010363110183227275
with3461495001036385114162
hypertension3649495001034787137182211243286334369389437486
being4161495001034893114162211
older4398495001034768118162191
than4614495001032977119167
men48074950010371116164
with4997495001036384113161
hypertension794507001034787137182211243286334368389437485
(61.61299507001032467107122167
vs1486507001034175
55.61581507001034486103149
years).1750507001034083125153189211228
Conclusions:794519001055199150190213263300323373424460481
Unlike13025190010356104125146187231
recent1559519001032872112156205234
reports,1819519001032872122171201233269288
we21335190010364107
found2267519001032573122171221
no2514519001034896
overall2637519001034789132161204225246
association2910519001034176111159200220263292313361410
between3346519001034994124191234279328
SIBO3701519001034263111171
and3899519001034190140
hypertension4065519001034888139184213245289338372393442491
in4582519001032069
symptomatic4677519001033477150200230277351393422443482
gastrointestinal794531001034890124154183230251299328371405435456504546567
patients1382531001034992120141185233262297
after170153100103416799142171
controlling1894531001033885133162191238260280301349398
for2313531001032573102
age2437531001034190134
confounding.2593531001033885133159207255303352373421470489
However,31035310010356105168211253295324339
sex-specific3464531001033478119145180229273313334360383422
trends3908531001032857100149198233
were41625310010363106135179
observed4363531001034796131175204249291341
that4726531001032876118147
did4895531001034869118
not5035531001034795124
reach794543001032871113153201
statistical1012543001033463106135155190219240279322343
significance1372543001033454103151171197221260302350390433
and1822543001034189138
should1977543001033482130179199249
be2243543001034993
considered2353543001033885134168188238282311354404
hypothesis-generating,2774543001034787137186215263307342362396423474518567611640682711731779828847
with3638543001036384113161
women38165430010363110183227275
showing4108543001033482130194215263312
protection4437543001034877125154197237268288336385
and4839543001034189139
men49955430010371115164
showing794555001033482130193214262311
increased1123555001032068107136180222256300350
risk.149155500103284983124144
These1653555001034292136170214
findings188555500103254896146166214263298
suggest2200555001033482131179223258288
gut-cardiovascular2506555001034795124149191233262311331379420463497536584605647676
relationships319955500103287293135164184232281315363384433468
may36845550010372114154
differ385655500103486894123167196
fundamentally4070555001032574122171213285329378406449470490532
between4620555001034893122188231276324
sexes4962555001033478119162197
and794567001034189138
emphasize9495670010343115165213255289310347390
the1356567001032977120
importance1493567001032092141190219250293341380423
of1933567001034772
considering2022567001033985134168188237281310331379428
population2467567001034897146195215257286306354402
characteristics2886567001033986128157199238269312341362396426446485521
and3424567001034189138
effect357956700103436998142181212
modification38085670010372120169190216239278320349369417466
in4291567001032067
microbiome4376567001037191130159206256277325397441
research.4834567001032871106150192220259306325
Key794581001055093135
words:9505810010564111142192228248
small12195810010334105146166186
intestinal142658100103206795137171200219266308328
bacterial1775581001034890128158201229249290310
overgrowth,2106581001034787129157205233280342373420438
arterial256558100103416999142170190231251
hypertension,2837581001034786136179207238280328361381428476494
gut-cardiovascular3351581001034895124148188230257306325372413454488526573593634662
axis,4034581001034182102135153
sex4208581001033477118
differences,434758100103486893121164192235282321363397415
effect478358100103426896139178208
modification,5012581001037111979459300103486893116154196223243290338356
breath1168593001034877119160188235
test.1421593001032971105134152
MUDr.79467200825396140161171
Pavol9806720082356596132148
Fülöp,11426720082326782119157169
PhD.132667200823470115125
II.7946830082142942
kardiologická8516830082296181118133170185222260275306335367
klinika1233683008229455996110139172
LF142068300823163
UPJŠ14976830082437896127
a1639683008231
VÚSCH,168568300823579110149192204
a.s.,190468300823144718496
Košice,20156830082347096110141173185
Slovensko22156830082324683114147184210238275
pfulop@vusch.sk7946930082385694109145184234266303329360397409436465
Cit.4252672008239547588
zkr:4355672008228577992
Vnitř44626720082357185107127
Lék.46046720082316493107
2026;72(2):E1-E647266720082346799131143175208224257274286318348366400433
Článek42726830082395485122155185
přijat4472683008237587387118139
redakcí:46266830082215492123152183197208
15.48496830082346374
12.49386830082346274
202550276830082346798132
Článek41376930082395485122155185
přijat4337693008237587387118139
po449169300823876
recenzích:45826930082205385117154183197228265277
23.48746930082336779
2.496869300823345
202650286930082336698131
PLNÁ5107620018891162265362
VERZE8967620018896180273360443
ČLÁNKU13637620018876148248352448548
➜194176400224139
https://doi.org/10.36290/vnl.2026.0272110762001887011917124229632336339825037620018876153186268576200188299714221125029367620018854138168233312383463548590663739773806878962103011081140122212901352
POUZE5107810015063140218277340
PRO8797810015063130206
PŘEDPLATITELE11157810015063129192264329380453506535595659709773
VNITŘNÍHO19177810015068149178237305385414490566
LÉKAŘSTVÍ25127810015049113182256324384445520550