The authors analyze three cases of hepatosplenic (gamma-delta) T-cell lymphoma which is a newly defined unit in the spectrum of primary splenic lymphomas. The first two were diagnosed in sequential biopsies of bone marrow, splenectomic material and the liver of female patients aged 38 and 67 years. In the clinical picture dominated symptoms of progressing splenomegaly, hepatomegaly, haemolytic anaemia and different manifestations of leuco- and thrombocytopenia with expulsion of tumour cells into the peripheral blood. The first patient died after complete remission with signs of heart failure, the second one is surviving for 11 months in partial remission. The third case, a 66-year-old male patient, died suddenly during a 16-day hospitalization on account of diagnosis of hepatopathy and anaemic syndrome, as a result of cardiorespiratory failure. The diagnosis was established only post mortem. In none of the patients signs of affected lymph nodes were present. The authors analyze problems of bioptic diagnosis of the mentioned lymphoma, in particular biopsy of bone marrow in the stage of its initial infiltration. The key to diagnosis is in addition to knowledge of clinical manifestations the typical morphology and intrasinusoid propagation of tumour cells and immunohistochemical evidence of their T-phenotype. The predominance of initial manifestations of haemolytic anaemia calls for differential diagnosis of haemolytic conditions and confirmation of their secondary character.