Vnitr Lek 2016, 62(Suppl 6):62-65

Utilisation of salivary markers in nephrology

Ľudmila Podracká1,*, Peter Celec2, Katarína Šebeková2
1 I. detská klinika LF UK a DFNsP Bratislava, Slovenská republika
2 Ústav molekulárnej biomedicíny LF UK Bratislava, Slovenská republika

Saliva has a broad diagnostic potential which can be used for detection many pathological conditions including renal dysfunction. In saliva can be measured concentration of urea and creatinine as well as the other uremic markers. Saliva urea nitrogen and creatinine and blood urea and creatinine highly correlated therefore might be used for screening in patients with CKD. Saliva collection is truly non-invasive and is especially suitable for small children and elderly patients. Recently, semiquantitative saliva urea test strip is available. Saliva might become promising diagnostic biofluid in nephrological practice.

Keywords: chronic kidney disease; renal failure; salivary dipstick; salivary markers

Received: August 29, 2016; Accepted: October 10, 2016; Published: December 1, 2016  Show citation

ACS AIP APA ASA Harvard Chicago Chicago Notes IEEE ISO690 MLA NLM Turabian Vancouver
Podracká Ľ, Celec P, Šebeková K. Utilisation of salivary markers in nephrology. Vnitr Lek. 2016;62(Supplementum 6):62-65.
Share...
Download citation
  • BibTeX (.bib)
  • Bookends (.ris)
  • EasyBib (.ris)
  • EndNote (.enw)
  • EndNote 8 (.xml)
  • ISI WoS (.isi)
  • Medlars (.medlars)
  • Mendeley (.ris)
  • MODS (.xml)
  • Papers (.ris)
  • RefWorks (.txt)
  • RefManager (.ris)
  • RIS (.ris)
  • MS Word (.xml)
  • Zotero (.ris)
    • Open full article

    References

    1. VanStralen KJ, Tizard EJ, Verrina E et al. European Society for Paediatric Nephrology/European Renal Association-European Dialysis and Transplant Association (ESPN/ERA-EDTA) registry study group. Demographics of paediatric renal replacement therapy in Europe: 2007 annual report of the ESPN/ERA-EDTA registry. Pediatr Nephrol 2010; 25(7): 1379-1382. Dostupné z DOI: <http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00467-010-1472-7>. Go to original source... Go to PubMed...
    2. Kolvek G, Reijneveld SA, Podracka L et al. End-stage renal disease in Slovak children: epidemiology from a European perspective. Eur J Pediatr 2011; 170(11): 1445-1451. Dostupné z DOI: <http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00431-011-1462-1>. Go to original source... Go to PubMed...
    3. Pfaffe T, Cooper-White J, Beyerlein P et al. Diagnostic potential of saliva: current state and future applications. Clin Chem 2011; 57(5): 675-687. Dostupné z DOI: <http://dx.doi.org/10.1373/clinchem.2010.153767 Go to original source... Go to PubMed...
    4. Fábryová H, Celec P. On the origin and diagnostic use of salivary RNA. Oral Disease 2014; 20(2): 146-152. Dostupné z DOI: <http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/odi.12098>. Go to original source... Go to PubMed...
    5. Maier H, Triebel C, Heidland A. The flow-rate-dependent excretion of ionized calcium in pilocarpine-stimulated human submandibular saliva. Arch Oral Biol 1983; 28(10): 907-909. Go to original source... Go to PubMed...
    6. Celec P, Tóthová Ľ, Šebeková K et al. Salivary markers of kidney function-potentials and limitations. Clin Chim Acta 2016; 453: 28-37. Dostupné z DOI: <http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cca.2015.11.028>. Go to original source... Go to PubMed...
    7. Raimann JG, Kirisits W, Gebetsroither E et al. Saliva urea dipstick test: application in chronic kidney disease. Clin Nephrol 2011; 76(1): 23-28. Go to original source... Go to PubMed...
    8. Tomás I, Marinho JS, Limeres J et al. Changes in salivary composition in patients with renal failure. Arch Oral Biol 2008; 53(6): 528-532. Go to original source... Go to PubMed...
    9. Mydlík M, Derzsiová K, Jenča A et al. Kyselina oxalová a askorbová v slinách pri chronickej renálnej insuficiencii. Aktuality v nefrológii 2006; 12(2): 41-44. Go to original source...
    10. Grantham JJ, Wallace DP. Return of the secretory kidney. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 2002; 282(1): F1-F9. Go to original source... Go to PubMed...
    11. Cook DI, Van Lennep EW, Roberts ML et al. Secretion by the major salivary glands. In: Alpers DH, Johnson LR (Eds). Physiology of the Gastrointestinal Tract. Lippincott Williams & Wilkins; 3 Sub ed1994: 1061-1117. ISBN-13: 978-0781701327.
    12. Proctor GB. The physiology of salivary secretion. Periodontol 2000. 2016; 70(1): 11-25. Dostupné z DOI: <http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/prd.12116>. Go to original source... Go to PubMed...
    13. Benn AM, Thomson WM. Saliva: an overview. N Z Dent J 2014; 110(3): 92-96.
    14. Castagnola M, Picciotti PM, Messana I et al. Potential applications of human saliva as diagnostic fluid. Acta Otorhinolaryngol Ital 2011; 31(6): 347-357. Go to PubMed...
    15. De Filippis F, Vannini L, La Storia A et al. The same microbiota and a potentially discriminant metabolome in the saliva of omnivore, ovo-lacto-vegetarian and vegan individuals. PLoS One 2014; 9(11): e112373. Dostupné z DOI: <http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0112373>. Go to original source... Go to PubMed...
    16. Dawes C. Absorption of urea through the oral mucosa and estimation of the percentage of secreted whole saliva inadvertently swallowed during saliva collection. Arch Oral Biol 2006; 51(2): 111-116. Go to original source... Go to PubMed...
    17. Watanabe J, Mizuno S, Masuda N et al. Salivary excretion of urea in dogs. J Pharmacolbiodyn 1984; 7(5): 294-303. Go to original source... Go to PubMed...
    18. Wu DY, Wu H. Determination of urea in saliva. Proc Soc Exp Biol Med 1951; 76(1): 130-132. Go to original source... Go to PubMed...
    19. Sein KT, Arumainayagam G. Correlation between serum urea and salivary urea. Clin Chem 1987; 33(12): 2303-2304. Go to original source...
    20. Cardoso EM, Arregger AL, Tumilasci OR et al. Assessment of salivary urea as a less invasive alternative to serum determinations. Scand J Clin Lab Invest 2009; 69(3): 330-334. Dostupné z DOI: <http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00365510802588076>. Go to original source... Go to PubMed...
    21. Zuniga ME, Estremadoyro LO, Leon CP et al. Validation of the salivary urea test as a method to diagnose chronic kidney disease. J Nephrol 2012; 25(3): 431-436. Dostupné z DOI: <http://dx.doi.org/10.5301/jn.5000022>. Go to original source... Go to PubMed...
    22. Obry AB, Belcourt RM, Frank J et al. Biochemical study of whole saliva from children with chronic renal failure. ASDC J Dent Child 1987; 54(6): 429-432. Erratum in ASDC J Dent Child 1988; 55(2): 149.
    23. Forland M, Shannon IL, Katz FH. Parotid-fluid urea nitrigen for the monitoring of hemodialysis. N Engl J Med 1964; 271: 37-38. Go to original source... Go to PubMed...
    24. Bots CP, Brand HS, Veerman H et al. Acute effects of hemodialysis on salivary flow rate and composition. Clin Nephrol 2007; 67(1): 25-31. Go to original source... Go to PubMed...
    25. Suresh G, Ravi Kiran A, Samata Y et al. Analysis of Blood and Salivary Urea Levels in Patients Undergoing Haemodialysis and Kidney Transplant. J Clin Diagn Res 2014; 8(7): ZC18-ZC20. Dostupné z DOI: <http://dx.doi.org/10.7860/JCDR/2014/8081.4553>. Go to original source... Go to PubMed...
    26. Chiou WL, Pu FS. Creatinine VIII: saliva levels of endogenous "true" creatinine in normal subjects. Clin Pharmacol Ther 1979; 25(6): 777-782. Go to original source... Go to PubMed...
    27. Lloyd E, Broughton EA, Selby C. Salivary creatinine assays as a potential screen for renal disease. Ann Clin Biochem 1996; 33(Pt 5): 428-431. Go to original source... Go to PubMed...
    28. Michelis R, Sela S, Ben-Zvi I et al. Salivary beta2-microglobulin analysis in chronic kidney disease and hemodialyzed patients. Blood Purif 2007; 25(5-6): 505-509. Dostupné z DOI: <http://dx.doi.org/10.1159/000113010>. Go to original source... Go to PubMed...
    29. Assareh AA, Haybar H, Malekzadeh H et al. No relationship between serum and salivary beta2-microglobulin levels in a sample of adult diabetic men with chronic kidney disease without renal replacement therapy. Cell J 2014; 16(2): 179-186.
    30. Westerlund U, Ingman T, Lukinmaa PL et al. Human neutrophil gelatinase and associated lipocalin in adult and localized juvenile periodontitis. J Dent 1996; 75(8): 1553-1563. Go to original source... Go to PubMed...
    31. Ulker AE, Tulunoglu O, Ozmeric N et al. The evaluation of cystatin C, IL-1beta, and TNF-alpha levels in total saliva and gingival crevicular fluid from 11- to 16-year-old children. J Periodontol 2008; 79(5): 854-860. Dostupné z DOI: <http://dx.doi.org/10.1902/jop.2008.070422>. Go to original source...
    32. Eknoyan G. Salivary Phosphorus Binding: A novel approach to control hyperphosphatemia. J Am Soc Nephrol 2009; 20(3): 460-462. Dostupné z DOI: <http://dx.doi.org/10.1681/ASN.2009010067>. Go to original source... Go to PubMed...
    33. Malamud D. Saliva as a diagnostic fluid. Dent Clin North Am 2011; 55(1): 159-178. Dostupné z DOI: <http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cden.2010.08.004>. Go to original source... Go to PubMed...

    Return to the content


    Vnitřní lékařství

    Madam, Sir,
    please be aware that the website on which you intend to enter, not the general public because it contains technical information about medicines, including advertisements relating to medicinal products. This information and communication professionals are solely under §2 of the Act n.40/1995 Coll. Is active persons authorized to prescribe or supply (hereinafter expert).
    Take note that if you are not an expert, you run the risk of danger to their health or the health of other persons, if you the obtained information improperly understood or interpreted, and especially advertising which may be part of this site, or whether you used it for self-diagnosis or medical treatment, whether in relation to each other in person or in relation to others.

    I declare:

    1. that I have met the above instruction
    2. I'm an expert within the meaning of the Act n.40/1995 Coll. the regulation of advertising, as amended, and I am aware of the risks that would be a person other than the expert input to these sites exhibited

    No
    Yes

    If your statement is not true, please be aware
    that brings the risk of danger to their health or the health of others.