Endoskopická retrográdní cholangiografie pomocí jednobalónkového enteroskopu u pacientů s Roux-Y hepatikojejunoanastomózou - editorial

P. Dítě

Vnitr Lek 2012, 58(5):344-345  

Oční víčka se žlutými granulomy a kašel - periokulární xantogranulom dospělých spojený s astmatem - editorial

L. Plank

Vnitr Lek 2012, 58(5):346  

Endoscopic retrograde cholangiography with a single-balloon enteroscope in patients with Roux-en-Y hepatico jejunal anastomosis

B. Kianička, I. Novotný, P. Vlček, J. Korbička, P. Piskač, J. Žák, M. Souček, J. Špác, I. Řiháček

Vnitr Lek 2012, 58(5):347-353  

Aims of the study:The aim of this retrospective study was to evaluate our experience with using a single-balloon enetroscope for diagnostic and therapeutic endoscopic retrograde cholangiography (ERC) in patients with Roux-en-Y hepatico jejunal anastomosis (HJA). Due to the considerably changed anatomic circumstances after the surgery, ERC is, in comparison to the standard endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancraeaticography (ERCP), significantly more difficult to perform. Patient sample and methodology:The sample was followed upFrom January 2009 to September 2011. The study retrospectively reviewed 14 patients with Roux-en-Y...

Interactions between glucocorticoids and warfarin in chronic inflammatory (autoimmune) diseases

L. Hromádková, J. Vlček

Vnitr Lek 2012, 58(5):354-356  

Glucocorticosteroids are still very important part of the treatment of chronic inflammatory disorders. Their use is often accompanied by unpleasant adverse effects, problems associated with withdrawal during their long-term use and interactions with concomitantly administered drugs. One of the important interactions that may often occur in clinical practice is interaction with warfarin. Despite the fact that as glucocorticosteroids so warfarin are used for many years and seem to be completely known, their co-administration is still accompanied by uncertainties. The interaction may have pharmacodynamic or pharmacokinetic character and both types result...

Scoring systems to evaluate prognosis of community-acquired pneumonias

J. Beneš, O. Džupová, Z. Blechová, V. Kolek

Vnitr Lek 2012, 58(5):357-364  

Several expert systems were developed for assessment of community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) and its severity in individual patients. Scoring systems PSI, CURB-65, and CRB-65 are widely used. They were primarily designed for easier decision on need of CAP patients hospitalization. Newer scoring systems evaluate especially severity of CAP and need of intensive care. This group of systems comprise ATS/IDSA recommendations, CURXO-8O, SMART-COP, and SMRT-CO. The last one appears to be the most appropriate for common practice but more studies are necessary to confirm this opinion. Regardless of the scoring systems the authors recommend more extensive usage...

Eyelids with yellow granulomas and cough - periocular xanthogranuloma associated with adult-onset asthma. A case study and an overview of clinical forms of juvenile xanthogranuloma and its therapy

Z. Adam, K. Veselý, I. Motyčková, P. Szturz, R. Koukalová, Z. Řehák, A. Štouracová, J. Vaníček, M. Krejčí, L. Pour, L. Zahradová, R. Hájek, Z. Král, J. Mayer

Vnitr Lek 2012, 58(5):365-377  

Histiocytic diseases caused by proliferation and accumulation of phagocytosing macrophages (foamy macrophages) have many clinical forms. These are classified under "juvenile xanthogranuloma" within the WHO classification of blood disorders. Localized forms with benign course include normolipaemic xanthomatosis, xanthogranuloma and necrobiotic xanthogranuloma. Disseminated forms in children take a form of so called "disseminated juvenile xanthogranuloma" or Erdheim-Chester disease in adults. We describe a case of a patient who, at 53 years of age, first noticed yellow granulomas on her eyelids. The disease progressed gradually and, at 59, affects the...

O diabetu v Senátu Parlamentu ČR

M. Tarant

Vnitr Lek 2012, 58(5):417-419  

The importance of vitamin D - new knowledge suggesting its role in medicine

V. Zamrazil

Vnitr Lek 2012, 58(5):379-380  

Vitamin D receptor gene polymorphism

M. Pešta

Vnitr Lek 2012, 58(5):381-385  

Most biological activities of 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D is mediated by the nuclear vitamin D receptor (VDR), which acts as a transcription factor activated by ligand. In VDR gene were found many polymorphisms. They are located in 4 regions especially, 1 polymorphic region is located at the 5'-end of the gene (promoter), 3 polymorphic regions are located at the 3'-end of the gene. Some gene polymorphisms of the vitamin D receptor affect its function, has been demonstrated its influence on bone density (BMD) or associated with the occurrence of some cancers. However, to what extent affect health status and what role played the complicity polymorphisms...

Vitamin D and cardiovascular risk

O. Mayer jr.

Vnitr Lek 2012, 58(5):386-389  

The pathogenesis of cardiovascular disease is without any doubt multifactorial, and it is generally accepted, that conventional risk factors determined only about 80% of cardiovascular risk. There is accumulating evidence that vitamin D exerts important pathophysiological effects on cardiovascular system. Low vitamin D was associated with increased cardiovascular risk in several reports. This review summarizes recent epidemiological evidence and possible pathophysiological mechanism for a role of low vitamin D in cardiovascular diseases. Moreover, available data concerning vitamin D supplementation are depicted.

Vitamin D in aortic stenosis

K. Linhartová, G. Štěrbáková, R. Čerbák

Vnitr Lek 2012, 58(5):390-392  

Aortic stenosis is the third most common cardiovascular disease and the most commonly operataed valve disease in developed countries. Progressive valve calcification leading to significant flow obstruction is the main pathogenetic feature. Dysregulation of the systemic calcium-phosphate metabolism with low vitamin D level is a possible risk factor of aortic stenosis even in patients with preserved renal function. This hypothesis deserves further clinical and experimental study.

Vitamin D and neurological diseases

J. Polívka, J. Polívka jr., M. Peterka, V. Rohan, P. Ševčík, O. Topolčan

Vnitr Lek 2012, 58(5):393-395  

We provide an overview of the association between vitamin D and some neurological diseases where the correlation has repeatedly been described. The majority of literature refers to cerebrovascular diseases, followed by multiple sclerosis and cognitive disorders. Vitamin D hypovitaminosis might be associated with the diseases directly or it might contribute to the disease risk factors (typically in cerebrovascular events). Vitamin D hypovitaminosis may also play a role in patients with residual functional involvement due to a neurological disorder (movement disorders, lack of self-sufficiency) and worsen functional status owing to muscle weakness, instability...

Calcitriol endocrine microsystems - developmental aspects and prerequisites for their lifelong functionality

B. Kalvachová

Vnitr Lek 2012, 58(5):396-399  

New findings regarding the local synthesis of calcitriol, its binding on nuclear receptors and its regional tissue effects have led to discovery of its endocrine microsystems. Their application in growing organisms and their lifelong functionality provide possible preventive and treatment modalities in multiple ailments, mostly by natural and minimally expensive means.

Vitamin D metabolism

V. Kulda

Vnitr Lek 2012, 58(5):400-404  

Vitamin D is the collective name for cholecalciferol (vitamin D₃) and ergocalciferol (vitamin D₂), which are precursors of hormones with an important role in regulation of the metabolism of calcium and phosphates. This review article describes the production of vitamin D₃ in the skin by ultraviolet radiation from sunlight, transport of vitamin D and its metabolites in blood, formation of the active hormonal form - calcitriol (1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D) by hydroxylation in the liver and kidney, and termination of the action by catabolism to inactive metabolites.

D vitamin and immunity

I. Šterzl

Vnitr Lek 2012, 58(5):405-410  

Active vitamin D₃ is a key factor in many pathological states. In this review its influence on the immune system will be discussed, especially in the scope of innate and adaptive immunity. D₃ has a crucial importance in defense against infections and in development of immunopathological reactions, especially in autoimmunity.

Will vitamin D become a new antidiabetic?

K. Vondra, O. Topolčan, D. Janíčková-Ždárská

Vnitr Lek 2012, 58(5):411-416  

Based on experience from experimental and human studies, vitamin D can be considered an important factor lowering the risk of diabetes mellitus type 1 and 2. The mechanism consists in the direct influence of vitamin D via nuclear receptors on genes coding proteins associated with normal function of B cells of Langerhans islands and genes coding proteins ensuring normal function of the immune system. There is also an indirect influence via regulation of homeostasis of calcium. Clinical observation and cross-sectional studies show an inverse relationship between vitamin D deficiency and appearance of diabetes mellitus type 2. A major deficit of vitamin...